Molecular Frameworks for Nanotechnology

Andreas Mayr
Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook,
Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
E-mail: amayr@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
Phone: (631) 632-7951
Fax: (631) 632-7960

On account of their size-dependent electronic and magnetic properties, clusters are promising as components for integrated devices capable of sensing, transferring, processing, and storing information.  The availability of readily manipulable clusters would, for example, enable the development of extremely powerful new computer architectures based on the principles of single-electronics.  Yet while the potential of clusters for such applications has been recognized for some time, practical implementations have not been forthcoming as fast as desirable.  Some of the major problems are associated with the difficulties to control the precise composition and the spatial arrangement of clusters and nanostructures in general.  The need for exact reproducibility of composition and spatial arrangement suggests that ideal clusters should be of molecular definition, have well-defined external shapes, and exhibit selective surface functionalities.
A potential approach towards such well-defined clusters is discussed.  It is based on molecular cubes of sufficient size to serve as hosts for clusters.  The molecular cubes consist of linear organic units as the edges and rectangular trigonal pyramidal transition metal complex fragments as the corners.  These covalent frameworks can be functionalized by means of appended side chains to form internal cavities for the growth of precisely defined clusters and for the specific recognition of individual molecules.  Via a different designated set of side chains, such frameworks can be interconnected to form precisely defined cluster arrays which may exhibit cooperative electronic or  magnetic behavior.
The proposed molecular cubes provide structural frameworks for the attachment of side chains bearing chemical functionalities.  Since there are no obvious limitations concerning the nature of these groups, the complexity of a given nanocube can readily exceed that of a protein of comparable size.  With the unprecedented control over structure and functional information content, the availability of the proposed molecular cubes will open unforeseen possibilities in virtually all areas of molecular materials.  The potential impact will most likely be largest in areas of information sensing and processing, because of the possibility to create complex cluster arrays which are sensitive to minute external stimuli, e. g. the absence or presence of single electrons or molecules, radiation, and electric or magnetic fields.
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